VietNamNet Bridge – Construction of the Vung Ro Oil Refinery will be postponed, said Pham Ngoc Chi, Phu Yen Province People's Committee Chairman, at a recent provincial meeting.
Construction now would start at the beginning of 2009 instead of the end of this year as planned earlier, he said.
The postponement stems from a delay in the land clearance process. The province has yet to complete construction of the Phu Lac resettlement zone and the Hoa Tam New Administration Centre in order to provide housing for 5,100 displaced people.
Phu Yen People's Committee granted the investment licence for the Vung Ro Oil Refinery in November last year.
The US$1.7 billion project, with an investment capital of 51 per cent ownership by the British Technostar Management Ltd Co and 49 per cent by the Russian Telloil, will become the first wholly foreign-owned oil refinery to be built in the country.
Vung Ro Oil Refinery, the country's fourth, is expected to supply the domestic market with four million tonnes of petroleum products annually.
The project will be developed on a 200 ha inland area and 210 ha on the water's surface near Vung Ro Seaport in Tuy Hoa District.
Investors have also found stable supply of crude oil from the Middle East to increase product output.
The country's three other oil refineries are located in Quan Ngai, Thanh Hoa and Ba Ria-Vung Tau provinces.
When all four oil refineries are fully functional, their combined production output will total 20 million tonnes of petroleum per year through 2012.
Monday, December 8, 2008
Vung Ro Oil Refinery plant plans postponed
Sunday, November 16, 2008
Phú Yên: Chậm trễ trong xây dựng các khu tái định cư để thực hiện các dự án lọc, hoá dầu
Ngày 14/11, ông Hồ Văn Tiến- Chánh văn phòng UBND tỉnh Phú Yên khẳng định có sự chậm trễ trong xây dựng khu tái định cư Phú Lạc rộng 45 ha và khu trung tâm hành chính mới- khu dân cư mới Hoà Tâm (gọi tắt là khu tái định cư) rộng 90 ha để phục vụ các dự án lọc, hoá dầu.
Ông Tiến cho biết: Tổng kinh phí đầu tư xây dựng Khu tái định cư Phú Lạc khoảng 130 tỷ đồng và Khu tái định cư Hoà Tâm khoảng 900 tỷ đồng. Hai khu tái định cư nói trên sẽ giải quyết nơi ở mới cho 1.428 hộ dân với gần 5.100 người thuộc xã Hoà Tâm và Bãi Chính, Bãi Ngà, Bãi Lách (xã Hòa Xuân Nam) của huyện Đông Hòa. Do ngân sách khó khăn nên tỉnh đã kêu gọi các nhà thầu ứng vốn đầu tư xây dựng, tỉnh sẽ thanh toán sau. Theo đó, đầu tháng 9/2008 Công ty xây dựng công trình giao thông 5 (CIENCO 5) đã chấp thuận thực hiện trọn gói toàn bộ từ khâu lập dự án đến thiết kế, thi công nhằm đảm bảo tiến độ theo yêu cầu của dự án và tỉnh sẽ thanh toán trong vòng 3 năm sau khi đưa vào sử dụng. Tuy nhiên, khoảng nửa tháng sau CIENCO 5 phải thông báo không thể thực hiện dự án do không vay được tín dụng. Gần đây hai doanh nghiệp là Công ty TNHH xây dựng- thương mại-du lịch Cát Phương Nam (thành phố Hồ Chí Minh) đã đề nghị được xây dựng Khu tái định cư Hòa Tâm và Doanh nghiệp tư nhân Nam Ngân (tỉnh Bình Định) thực hiện dự án Khu tái định cư Phú Lạc. Hiện Sở Kế hoạch- Đầu tư đang thẩm định năng lực hai doanh nghiệp trên và trong vòng một tuần nữa UBND tỉnh sẽ có quyết định chính thức về việc có chấp thuận để hai doanh nghiệp trên xây dựng các khu tái định cư hay không. Nếu được, dự kiến đến đầu năm 2009 sẽ xây dựng giai đoạn 1 Khu tái định cư Phú Lạc rộng 10 và Khu tái định cư Hoà Tâm khoảng 20 ha để kịp thời di dời dân.
Theo kế hoạch cuối năm 2008 tại Khu kinh tế Nam Phú Yên sẽ khởi công Nhà máy lọc dầu Vũng Rô công suất 4 triệu tấn/năm, trị giá 1,7 tỷ USD do Công ty TNHH Dầu khí Vũng Rô gồm liên doanh giữa Công ty Technostar Management Ltd (Vương quốc Anh) và Công ty dầu khí Tetttoil (Cộng hòa Liên bang Nga) làm chủ đầu tư. Đầu năm 2009 sẽ khởi công Khu công nghiệp hóa dầu Hòa Tâm và Tổ hợp hóa dầu Naphtha Cracking trị giá 11 tỷ USD do Công ty SP Chemical Ltd (Xin-ga-po) làm chủ đầu tư. Do đó, tỉnh Phú Yên cần khẩn trương xây dựng các khu tái định cư để sớm giao mặt bằng cho nhà đầu tư. Tuy nhiên, cho đến thời điểm này các khu tái định cư mới hoàn thành quy hoạch tỉ lệ 1/2000 và phương án đền bù tổng thể.
Wednesday, October 22, 2008
Vung Ro Oil Refinery in Vietnam
| 20/11/2007 VietNamNet Bridge - The country’s first wholly foreign-invested oil refinery project was licensed on November 18 by the People’s Committee of the central province of Phu Yen . The UK ’s Technostar Management Ltd and Russia ’s Telloil will form a joint venture to build the Vung Ro Oil Refinery at a total cost of 1.7 billion USD. The facility will occupy 200 ha of land and 210 ha of water surface near the Vung Ro port in the province’s Dong Hoa district. Technostar will hold 51 percent ownership in the project, which would become the nation’s fourth oil refinery currently planned or under construction. The project is expected to supply the domestic market with four million tonnes of refined petroleum products annually at the end of its 500 million USD first phase, to be completed in 2011. The project’s output will be increased to eight million tonnes yearly at the end of the second phase in 2013. Crude oil for the refinery will be obtained from Petro Vietnam as well as imported from Middle East sources. Under the terms of the licence, the project would enjoy an exemption of land use rental fees for the first 11 years of operation and a corporate income tax rate of only 15 percent for the first 12 years of operation, compared to the general rate of 28 percent. Vietnam ’s annual demand for petroleum products is estimated to surge to 20 million tonnes by 2012, from 12.5 million tonnes in 2006. To meet the rising domestic demand, Petro Vietnam is working on oil refineries in Quang Ngai, Thanh Hoa and Ba Ria-Vung Tau provinces. When all four are fully operational, their combined production output will total 20 million tonnes per year. Vietnam imported 10.4 million tonnes of refined petroleum products in the first 10 months of this year, up 12.1 percent over 2006, according to the General Statistics Office. The imports in the first 10 months cost 5.85 billion USD, 16 percent over the same period last year. Lacking refining capability, the nation exported over 12.4 million tonnes of crude oil equivalent in the same 10-month period, worth nearly 6.65 billion USD, representing year-on-year declines of 9.9 percent in volume and 7.5 percent in value. Source: VNA |
Monday, October 20, 2008
FOSSILS INTO FUELS: Basic Knowlegde
Fossil fuels were formed from the fossillized remains of dead plants and animals that once lived millions of years ago. Oil and natural gas are the products of the deep burial and decomposition of dead plants and animals. Heat and pressure, in the absence of oxygen, transform the decomposed material into tiny pockets of gas and crude oil. The oil and gas then migrates through the pores in the rocks to eventually collect in reservoirs.
Coal comes mainly from dead plants which have been buried and compacted beneath sediments. Most coal originated as peat in ancient swamps created many millions of years ago.
What is crude oil?
Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with small amounts of other chemicals such as sulphur. The crude oil is useless as a mixture and must be sent to an oil refinery to be separated. Crude oils from different parts of the world, or even from different depths in the same oilfield, contain different mixtures of hydrocarbons and other compounds. This is why they vary from light coloured volatile liquids to thick, dark oils.
What is natural gas?
Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons with small molecules. These molecules are made of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. For example, natural gas used in the home is mainly methane, CH 4.
What is a hydrocarbon?
Hydrocarbons only contain hydrogen and carbon atoms. There are two main chemical families of hydrocarbons - the alkanes and the alkenes. Thousands of synthetic products can be manufactured from hydrocarbons with many different properties. Click here for some more info on polymers and plastics.
Oil Refinery: Basic Knowledge
A refinery is a factory. A refinery takes a raw material (crude oil) and transforms it into petrol and hundreds of other useful products. A typical large refinery costs billions of pounds to build and millions more to run and upgrade. It runs around the clock 365 days a year, employs hundreds of people and occupies as much land as several hundred football pitches.A REFINERY breaks crude oil down into its various components, which then are selectively changed into new products. This process takes place inside a maze of pipes and vessels. The refinery is operated from a highly automated control room.
All refineries perform three basic steps:
- Separation (fractional distillation)
- Conversion (cracking and rearranging the molecules)
- Treatment
Modern separation involves piping crude oil through hot furnaces. The resulting liquids and vapours are passed into distillation towers:
| FRACTION | B Pt oC | Number of carbons | Uses | ||||
 | »Refinery gas | 1-4 | Bottled gas, fuels | ||||
| »Petrol | 40 | ~8 | Fuel for cars | ||||
 | »Naptha | 110 | ~10 | Raw material for chemicals and plastics. | |||
 | »Kerosine | 180 | ~15 | Fuel for Aeroplanes | |||
 | »Diesel | 250 | ~20 | Fuel for cars and lorries | |||
 | »Oils | 340 | ~35 | Fuel for Power Stations, Lubricants and grease | |||
| Hot crude » |  | »Bitumen | 400+ | 40+ | Road surfacing. | ||
- It is important to realise that the column is hot at the bottom and cool at the top.
- The crude oil separates into fractions according to weight and boiling point.
- The lightest fractions, including petrol and liquid petroleum gas (LPG), vapourise and rise to the top of the tower.
- Kerosine (aviation fuel) and diesel oil, stay in the middle of the tower
- Heavier liquids separate lower down.
- The heaviest fractions with the highest boiling points settle at the very bottom.
The following table shows how the behaviour of the hydrocarbon molecules alter:
| AT THE TOP OF THE COLUMN | AT THE BOTTOM OF THE COLUMN | |
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| Petrol comes off near the top of the column. Does the list above describe petrol? | Fuel oil comes off near the bottom of the column. Does the list above describe fuel oil? |
The fractions are now ready for piping to the next areas within the refinery. Some fractions require very little additional processing. However, most molecules require much more processing to become high-value products.
Conversion: cracking and rearranging molecules
Some fractions from the distillation towers need to be transformed into new components . This is where a refinery makes money, because the low-value fractions that aren't in great demand can be converted to petrol and other useful chemicals.
The most widely used conversion method is called cracking because it uses heat and pressure to "crack" heavy hydrocarbon molecules into lighter ones. A cracking unit consists of one or more tall, thick-walled, reactors and a network of furnaces, heat exchangers and other vessels. Catalytic cracking, or "cat cracking," is the basic petrol-making process. Using intense heat (about 600°C), low pressure and a powdered catalyst (a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction), the cat cracker can convert most of the heavy fractions into smaller more useful molecules.
Some refineries also have cokers, which use heat and moderate pressure to turn the really heavy fractions into lighter products and a hard, coal like substance that is used as an industrial fuel.
Cracking and coking are not the only forms of conversion. Other refinery processes, instead of splitting molecules, rearrange them to add value. Alkylation makes petrol components by combining some of the gaseous byproducts of cracking. The process, which essentially is cracking in reverse, takes place in a series of large, horizontal vessels.
Reforming uses heat, moderate pressure and catalysts to turn naphtha into high-octane petrol.
Treatment: the finishing touch
Today, a major portion of refining involves blending, purifying, fine-tuning and improving products to meet specific requirements. To make petrol, refinery workers carefully blend together a variety of hydrocarbons. Technicians also add performance additives and dyes that distinguish the various grades of fuel. By the time the petrol is pumped into a car it contains more than 200 hydrocarbons and additives.
Example: Petrol companies produce different blends of fuels to suit the weather. In winter, they put in more volatile hydrocarbons (with short carbon chains) and in summer they add less volatile hydrocarbons to compensate for the higher temperatures.
Source:moorlandschool.co.uk
